المجلد 24
استعراض
7 النتائج
نتائج البحث
مقالة وصول حر The Sustainability of Riyadh City: A Backcasting Study Using Household Consumption Patterns(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 11/6/1432) Tahar LedraaSustainability is a major challenge for Riyadh City. Nearly all indicators tend to reveal a bleak future for the city if the current trends of resource consumption are allowed to go on. Forecasting methods that have been extensively used in urban planning research have shown little success to come up with sound policies to tackle sustainability issues. The problem with such technique lies in the fact that these forecasts are being built upon the current trends. Current trends and actions are part of the problem. Projecting them into the future would simply mean amplifying the problem and rendering it even worse and more complex. The backcasting approach is, therefore, required to deal with the issue of planning for sustainability. This approach consists of having an informed vision about the city’s desired future in order to strategically deal with potential trade-off from different decisions. It shifts away from current trends and their associated problems to proceed towards a transitional state where a change in behaviors and lifestyles is needed to move society in the direction of sustainability.The results show excessive use of energy and land for residential use and car movement which may exert a huge burden on the city environment. When household categories were compared, those with higher socioeconomic status tend to be more spendthrift than their counterparts of lower SES. Income was found to account for much of the variance in energy requirements and also for food, water and washing expenditures. To tackle the issue of Riyadh sustainability, a visionary image for the city in the year 2020 must be set up. The target is to achieve a Factor 30 in environmental efficiency for the city to curtail the overgrowing environmental stress.To achieve this target, policies must be geared towards changing households consumption behaviors and lifestyles. Automobile trips must be kept to a minimum. For that, the physical plan layout of the remaining areas of the city must follow design principles that encourage pedestrian movements, promote means of public transport and reduce incentives to use the private car.مقالة وصول حر Housing Communities between Islamic Freedom and Capitalist Kaleidoscope(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 4/7/1431) Abeer Hussam Ed-Din Al-LahhamThroughout history, achieving the “Good Society” was a prime concern for many scholars in the Western culture. Plato’s normative theories embodied in The Republic initiated what was later called “Utopianism” which prompted the creation of the “Good Society” within the “Ideal City”. The concept of the “intentional community” was a manifestation of that dream. Since the Renaissance, many related urban theories emerged. However, with the fall of Modernity and its housing utopian theories in the 1960s, a new post-modern housing utopianism was created in the forms of “Housing Coopertaives”, “Co-housing”, “Condominiums”, “Ecovillages”, “Gated Communities”, and recently “New Urbanism” which emerged in the 1990s aiming at fulfilling the long awaited dream of the “Good Society”.This research critically examines such approaches at their “deep structure”, i.e. production mechanisms, property ownership, and administrative system, to prove that despite the apparent differences (in titles, territoral structure, and ownership patterns for example), they all stem from the same deep structure in terms of their driving mechanisms and general societal system, i.e. capitalism. In other words, all those approaches are bounded by the capitalist kaleidoscope.To explore this, a substantially different perspective that exists outside the boundaries of capitalism, such as that of Islam, is used to review those approaches. It was found that Islamic residential communities have achieved democracy, equity, justice and freedom more than contemporary capitalist housing communities. Islam, through its mechanisms, power structure and decision making process has achieved the Western dream of the “Good Society”, in its Western sense.مقالة وصول حر منهجية دمج استراتيجيات التصميم المستدام في تقنية نمذجة معلومات البناء الإمكانيات الحالية والاحتمالات المستقبلية(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 02/03/1432) حنان سليمان عيسى محمدإن الاستعانة بالنماذج الرقمية في العمارة أتاح للمصممين الدقة والسرعة في الأداء ومكَّنهم من الوصول لعدد أكبر من البدائل التصميمية مع سهولة التشكيل والتغيير والتنويع، إلا أن معظم التطبيقات التي استخدمت مسبقاً كانت لا تحتوي على المعلومات الكافية لتحليل أداء المباني وتقييمها، بينما ظهرت مؤخراً أدوات أكثر تطوراً تمثل المبنى كقاعدة بيانات متكاملة من المعلومات المنسقة (مثل: كميات المواد وخصائصها، أداء الطاقة، كفاءة الإضاءة، خصائص الموقع، معلومات التنفيذ ... إلخ)، وهذه المعالجة الجديدة في التصميم، والتي تختلف تماماً عن الاستخدام التقليدي لبرامج CAD، أُطلق عليها "نمذجة معلومات البناء" Building Information Modeling (BIM)، وهي منهجية لنمذجة معلومات المبنى وبياناتها بصورة رقمية، وتشمل إحداث تغييرات في عمليات التصميم والتنفيذ، ولها القدرة على توجيه التصميم لاتجاه أكثر استدامة كجزء من العملية التصميمية بطرق أكثر كفاءة مما كانت عليه منذ سنوات قليلة، وعلى الرغم من أن التصميم المستدام يبدو معقداً، إلا أن التطورات الأخيرة في تقنيات نمذجة معلومات البناء BIM جعلت طرقه وأساليبه أكثر سهولة، ومكَّن الاتصال بين نموذج معلومات البناء وأدوات التحليل المصممين من تقييم التصميمات المقترحة وتحديد إن كانت ستحقق الأداء المطلوب منها والمظهر والتكلفة بعد الانتهاء بشكل دقيق، مما سيساعدهم على تنفيذ المشاريع بشكل أسرع وأفضل من الناحية الاقتصادية، بالإضافة إلى تقليل الآثار السلبية على البيئة، وبذلك تمثل نمذجة معلومات البناء BIM أداة فعالة في إطار المساعي العالمية الرامية لتحويل قطاع البناء إلى نموذج أكثر استدامة.وفي هذا الإطار يستعرض البحث المفاهيم الأساسية لكل من التصميم المستدام وتقنية نمذجة معلومات البناء والإمكانيات الحالية لتقنية نمذجة معلومات البناء BIM والمميزات الأساسية لها في توجيه التصميم المستدام، كما يعرض أنواع التحليلات والأدوات التي يستخدمها النموذج لتحسين التصميم وبناء الأفكار للاستدامة.ويهدف البحث إلى الوصول لمنهجية دمج إستراتيجيات التصميم المستدام ومفاهيمه في تقنية نمذجة معلومات البناء BIM، واستكشاف الاحتمالات المستقبلية لهما وتسخير إمكانات تقنية نمذجة معلومات البناء BIM في تسهيل حلول التصميم المستدام للوصول لمبانٍ صديقة للبيئة يتم تصميمها وتنفيذها وتشغيلها بأساليب وتقنيات تسهم في الحد من تأثيرها على البيئة.مقالة وصول حر Towards an Approach to Residential Neighborhood Planning in Riyadh According to “Smart Growth” Design Principles(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 6/12/1432) Tahar A. LedraaThe paper sets out to analyze neighborhood design and development in Riyadh based on the data provided by the ADA 2005 Riyadh digital map. It starts by discussing the principles of sprawl-oriented neighborhoods and “Smart Growth”-slant ones. For the purpose of comparison between neighborhoods of different styles, the Riyadh city was subdivided into four study areas. The first area consists of the urban core which has primarily a traditional smart growth oriented neighborhood development pattern. Three successive 5 km ring buffers surrounding the city core were then executed using ArcMap analysis tools provided by ESRI programs.The study is undertaken under the contention that the farther from the urban core the more sprawl-oriented the neighborhood will be. A continuum ranging from smart growth to sprawled neighborhoods was set to examine a whole gamut of variables such as land use intensity, mixed use diversity, pedestrian accessibility and street network patterns. The results seem to indicate that Riyadh cannot afford the pursuit of such current unsustainable pattern of neighborhood development. Adopting a smart growth approach is therefore recommended to make a brake to such unsustainable patterns. A sound approach to developing newer residential neighborhood design would be to build upon the locally established patterns of design as revealed by the traditional core at the inner city.مقالة وصول حر Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the Urban Sustainable Development Decisions(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 9/1/1431) Mohamed Abdel Aziz Abdel HamidAccording to the Earth Summit Agenda 21, mentions that we need to establish the concept of information systems and utilizing them in the sustainable development process of the city. The municipalities, local governments, and resource users should gain from new information technologies that provide them with the know-how they need to manage their environments and resources sustainably. So, making decisions based on geography is basic to human thinking such as; where we go, what will it shall be like, and what shall we do when we get whether not it can be applied to sustainable development. Therefore, we find that in the 21st century most of public organizations have started to use Information Technologies, and also the municipalities have been utilizing technological developments as tools for their services. Serving, deciding and using city resources efficiently will be easier by using a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based Urban Information System (UIS).The paper will review the concept of urban sustainable development and how it is influencing responses to increasing population growth in cities. It will address the role of GIS-based for sustainable development in terms of local and municipal governance. Moreover, it is to show how GIS can be used in the assessment and modeling of urban sustainability, how sustainable development at urban level is measured? Finally the paper reviews the intersection of GIS and urban sustainability through empirical research by building a GIS model to examine how Riyadh city can be develop of sustainably. It will test the priorities of urban development for the city to preserve the resources available.مقالة وصول حر Developing A Modern Technique for Clayey Constructio(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 7/1/1431) Mokhtar Ali Abdulhafiz AbdoThe fierce damages that were caused by the loam buildings due to the floods disaster in Wadi-Hadhramaut in 2008 and the interest of many employers to obtain modern loam walls of less thickness and high resistance to denudation factors, in addition to the unavailability of researches specialized in checking the effects of the climatic conditions on the loam resistance; all those were the most important motives to carry out this research.For this, the researcher's aims have been summarized in gathering and documentation the information and lore about the loam construction in Yemen; not only to use them in conserving the existing buildings but also to develop loam building of modern lasting techniques which fulfills the requirements of the age. Moreover, the discovery of the effects of the climatic conditions on loam's resistance is considered the researcher's main goal in this topic.Thus, the methodicalness of this research has concentrated on analyzing the techniques of the traditional loam construction in Yemen and carrying out lab experiments to examine the pressure resistance for many specimens taken from different loam mixtures and studying the effect of drying them under various climatic conditions; moreover, lab experiments were performed to examine the effect of slow drying through capillarity of protected covering walls, on different loam mixtures.The most important results of this research is the proof that the loam construction elements that were dried under summer climatic conditions show shrinkage cracks more that of dried under winter climatic conditions, thus, it was emerged that the importance of adhering to traditional rule which says that the loam buildings should be built in winter not in summer. The second result is proving that thinning the "fat" and "semi-fat" loams should be used with crushed stone with max. nominal size in the sandy range not using sand with round granules.Also, it has been reached through this research that it is necessary to developing the protecting covers of the loam walls to get a more resistance to denudation factors and to avoid the negativeness of lime or cement plaster to fall from loam walls due to the dissimilarity of factors of the thermal linear hygroscopic extension.مقالة وصول حر Technological Adaptability: An Approach towards a Flexible and Sustainable Architecture(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 2/1/1431) Faiza NakibTechnological progress is an endless accelerating phenomenon. It becomes a major aspect of our wellbeing and influences our everyday life as well as our use of architectural spaces. Buildings must always embrace technological innovations and follow the pace of their evolution, while absorbing the impact of change. This objective can be achieved by maintaining the building quality, entailing a minimum disruption of the ongoing activities, and lowering expenses as well as energy and materials consumption.The need for technological evolution emanates from users’ needs but also from the surrounding socio-cultural and demographic change, market demands, climate variability, regulations, and aesthetic tendencies. In this context, technological adaptability is crucial to support the building sustainability by ensuring users’ well being and safety (comfort, life quality, positive interaction….), long term value of the building (longevity, cost effectiveness, strong image, etc.) and functional efficiency (multi-functionality, Efficient physical and virtual connections, etc.)The present paper aims to define strategies as well as a set of guidelines that might help to integrate progressive technological features in the building systems. In this perspective, some approaches dealing with architectural adaptability are studied, and a set of guidelines for technological adaptability are drawn from their combination. The adopted methodology takes into account complexity and uncertainty of the building and considers the interrelation of economical, social, spatial, functional and technical aspects. These guidelines constitute a systemic approach and should be considered as a whole to achieve the intended goal.