مجلة اللغات والترجمة
استعراض
مقالة وصول حر An Idealized Cognitive Model of Naming: Converging Linguistic and Cognitive Evidence from Tunisian Arabic(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 28/10/1430) Zouhair MaalejAbstract. Naming people has been studied etymologically (Jäkel, 1999) and syntactico-semantically (VanLangendonck, 1999). But they have been argued to lack lexical meaning (Jäkel, 1999; Van Langendonck, 1999).The present paper, however, offers a cognitive semantic view of naming in Tunisian Arabic (TA) as an IdealizedCognitive Model (Lakoff, 1987; Langacker, 1991). First names are regarded as semantically and unconsciouslymotivated, describing a propositional model (Lakoff, 1987), a LINK image-schema (Lakoff, 1987; Johnson,1987), a metaphoric mapping (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980-1999), and a part-whole metonymic model (Lakoff,1987). Prototypically, first names in TA rely on a conceptual domain either recruited from within the experience ofname-givers or are the outcome of a desirable state of affairs on the part of name-givers. Such a desirable state ofaffairs is the product of an imaginative projection on the part of name-givers, who build this projection fromwithin emotions, morality, beauty, piety, etc. The conceptual metaphors capitalized upon in naming reveal namegivers’bias to males at the expense of females. The result is a cultural model of naming, whereby conceptualmetaphors interface with categorization and derivational morphology.مقالة وصول حر Bilingualism in Childhood(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 14/1/1430) Faisal M. Al-QahtaniAbstract. In some parts of the world, acquiring a second language in childhood may be feared and resented for itsassumed negative consequences. To investigate this issue, this paper compares and contrasts the results from theearlier studies with the results from the later studies on bilingualism in childhood in an attempt to highlight thesource of this fear on one hand, and to mitigate the resentment on the other. The literature of bilingualism inchildhood, as discussed in this paper, can be characterized as entwined and interdependent. Therefore, this paperfocuses only on certain debatable key themes discussed in the literature of bilingualism in childhood; it is beyondthe scope of this paper to cover all the issues related to childhood bilingualism. Most importantly, this paperdiscusses the effect of bilingualism on cognitive development in childhood, and shows why earlier studies havebeen bluntly rebutted by later studies conducted in the second half of the twentieth century. In general, this paperaims to refute the resentful assumption that acquiring second language can delay children’s cognitive developmentor can be at the expense of their native language.مقالة وصول حر Clitic Pronouns in Arabic: Agr Elements or Pronominal Arguments(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 18/4/1430) Mohammed S. MasroorAbstract. Roberts and Shlonsky (1995) assume that clitic pronouns in Arabic and Hebrew are actually object Agrelements base-generated on the head they are associated with. On the contrary, we argue that clitic pronouns inArabic are full-fledged arguments base-generated in the head position of the respective argument. We aredepending upon several pieces of evidence from relative clauses, complement clauses, and genitive constructions.مقالة وصول حر Des Traces De Français Dans Les Noms De Commerce Jordaniens(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 11/1/1433) Riham JaradatRésumé. Le choix des noms de commerce n’étant pas arbitraire, cette étude s’intéresse à analyser la présence des noms de commerce relevés du français dans un pays non francophone qui est la Jordanie. Elle consiste à dévoiler les visées pragmatiques des connotations véhiculées par ces appellations, ainsi qu’à relever les représentations sociales qu’elles impliquent. Ces appellations sont également étudiées sous leurs aspects lexical, sémantique, orthographique et morpho-syntaxique. Les résultats de l’analyse démontrent que les noms de commerce fonctionnent comme de véritables actes de langage destinés à influencer le consommateur d’un côté, et reflètent nombre de valeurs socio-économiques, culturelles et esthétiques de la société jordanienne contemporaine de l’autre côté.مقالة وصول حر Effects of Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategy Training on Achievement in and Motivation for College Reading Comprehension(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 5/4/1432) Abdulaziz I. FageehAbstract. The present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of training on both cognitive and metacognitivestrategies of EFL Saudi college students (n = 29) on their achievement in and motivation for English readingcomprehension in an EFL reading class. The study utilized the experimental method of the type “pretest, posttestcontrol group design”. The objective of the training course was improved reading comprehension of texts inEnglish based on Tapestry Reading Comprehension II. The experimental group was taught by the researcher withthe interactive reading processing approach grounded in schema theory by using the interactive reading processingapproach (bottom-up and top-down), which emphasized the process of recalling background knowledge, guessing,prediction, inference, analysis and synthesis, self-evaluation, self-regulation and self-monitoring in Englishreading. Findings indicated that cognitive and metacognitive strategy training through manipulating bottom-up andtop-down processing of reading texts, and schema-activating techniques like word-mapping, inferencing, analysis,synthesis, self-evaluation, self-regulation and self-monitoring has proven effectual for developing reading strategyuse, increasing motivation for reading, and, consequently, reading comprehension.مقالة ميتاداتا فقط Evolución y decadencia del llamado Teatro Independiente español entre 1963 y 1980(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 1/1/1433) Khaled ABBASResumen: El Teatro Independiente es uno de los acontecimientos más importantes de la historia teatral española bajo el Franquismo, y, en parte por esa característica, suscita un creciente interés entre los estudiosos de esas cuestiones. Fue un movimiento revolucionario y reivindicativo que manifestó una hostilidad declarada no sólo contra los vicios de la sociedad española de su época y las deformaciones impuestas por la Dictadura, sino también contra el teatro comercial, principal exponente de sus gustos. Este trabajo pretende adentrarse en la andadura de las formaciones teatrales independientes que surgieron a mediados de los años sesenta del siglo XX con el objetivo de dar repuesta a cuestiones persistentes: el motivo de su aparición, su repercusión en la escena española, las causas generales que llevaron a la decadencia de tal movimiento después de un periodo de auge indiscutible, etc.مقالة وصول حر La traduction, sa conception, ses pratiques, ses enjeux et son enseignement à travers un état des lieux des recherches(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 9/1/1433) Abdelaziz El-MoufhimRésumé. La traduction et son enseignement impliquent des enjeux scientifiques, culturels, économiques et politiques, accentués par le processus de mondialisation qui rend cette activité stratégique, pour communiquer, s’approprier des savoirs, des compétences et les diffuser. Ils impliquent aussi des interactions des langues, des cultures et des identités, entraînant des conflits et autres aspects. Au-delà de l’éclairage des enjeux précités, étudier la traduction a un intérêt heuristique dans le sens où il éclaire les enjeux des pratiques et des interactions des langues et cultures; ainsi que ceux de l’enseignement de la traduction. Concernant les rapports des langues dans le monde, les recherches montrent une domination de l’anglais dans la mesure où c’est la langue la plus traduite. Situation qui le favorise mais qui, selon Calvet, peut aussi l’appauvrir et entraîner progressivement son déclin, puisqu’il ne s’enrichie pas en traduisant les autres langues, comme a décliné la langue arabe qui a été porteuse d’une civilisation prestigieuse développant des activités scientifiques dynamisées par la traduction. Langue qui a besoin de stimuler l’activité de traduction, donc des recherches scientifiques et de l’innovation. D’où l’exigence d’un enseignement de qualité de la traduction dont la didactique doit comprendre non seulement les rapports entre les langues et cultures présentes lors de la traduction, mais aussi les conditions de production des textes (approche fonctionnelle) et du processus de traduction lui-même (approche cognitive).مقالة وصول حر Learning Japanese in KSA: Motivation and an Outlook(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 10/11/1429) Shihab FarisAbstract. Research on students’ motivations for learning Japanese taught in Arabic speaking countries, especially in Saudi Arabia, have notbeen developed more than describing the status quo. These studies only have a small contribution to finding methodologies for enhancing thequality of language learning materials.This paper first describes the status quo of Japanese language education in Saudi Arabia. Then it discusses Saudi students’motivations to learn Japanese based on the results of questionnaires, which explore the reasons and motivations of Saudi foreign languagelearners at the College of Languages and Translation in King Saud University.Since motivations can play a key role in the learning process as a whole, it is vital, then, to identify them precisely. This study,therefore, attempts to identify those motivational factors and explore both positive and negative aspects associated with learning Japanese asa foreign language. In light of the results yielded by the study, we could provide the prospective design and development of the languagelearning materials as well as methodologies used in teaching Japanese. This could be done by attending to the weak points shown in thequestionnaire’s results and addressing the learners’ needs in more appropriate way.مقالة وصول حر Les expressions idiomatiques en classe de FLE Analyses et Propositions(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 1/1/1435) Bandar Alhathal; Ahmad AlwadiAbstract. C'est un article qui traite d'un aspect important de l'apprentissage des langues étrangères qui est l'aspect extralinguistique. Cet aspect est assez négligé par les manuels d'enseignement de français langue étrangère, mais aussi par les enseignants de cette même langue. Pour mesurer le degré de l'acquisition de cet aspect par nos apprenants à la faculté des Langues et de Traduction à l'Université du Roi Saoud, nous avons eu recours au moyen d'un vérificateur de valeur largement utilisé, "l'enquête". Le résultat a été assez décevant pour nous, car une bonne majorité de nos apprenants ont mal saisi certaines expressions idiomatiques, bien qu'un bon nombre d'entre eux ait passé une année en France.مقالة وصول حر Motivation des apprenants vis-à-vis du français. Etude d'un cas(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 27/1/1433) Ahmad AlwadiRésumé. Cet article étudie les motivations des apprenants en langue française au Département des Langues Européennes; Université Roi Saoud. La base théorique de cet article commence par les définitions du terme ‘motivation’, et cela afin de comprendre les phénomènes et comportements dus aux nouveaux facteurs externes. Un questionnaire a été distribué aux apprenants dans le but d’obtenir des données pertinentes concernant la langue cible. Les réponses obtenues ont été analysées. Cette analyse nous offre des renseignements importants: "nos informateurs" étaient très motivés. Cela est l’une des informations que cet article cherche à exploiter.مقالة وصول حر Nonveridicality and Negative Polarity Variation(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 22/2/1431) Abdulrahman H. AlmansourAbstract. This paper investigates the constraints that underlie the licensing of negative polarity items inClassical/Standard Arabic, aspiring to be the first study that provides a comprehensive account that defines thecondition under which those items are licensed in that language. I demonstrate that negative polarity items arelicensed only in non-veridical contexts in Classical/Standard Arabic. It is contended that downward entailment,Strawson-downward entailingness, polarity lattices, binding, or anti-upward entailingness do not predict the rightdistribution of negative polarity items in Classical/Standard Arabic. Furthermore, it is argued that the strength ofnegative expressions dictates a variation in the licensing of the negative polarity items under consideration.Specifically, it is shown that a weak (or broad) negative polarity item is sanctioned with questions, imperatives,adversative predicates, protasis of conditionals, modal verbs, the future, restrictor of every, the habitual, andvolitional verbs, whereas strong (or strict) ones are only licensed by regular negation. That negative polarity itemsare licensed in veridical non-monotonic contexts in a language such as English, while they are not allowed in thesecontexts in Classical/Standard Arabic corroborates recent proposals that call for a variation approach to thelicensing of negative polarity items cross-linguistically. The analysis entertained in this paper not only highlightsthe condition responsible for the sanctioning of negative polarity items in Classical/Standard Arabic, but alsoprovides evidence for a hierarchy of negative expressions strength.مقالة وصول حر Possessive Constructions in Arabic: A Cross-dialectal Study(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 21/10/1429) Noureddine GuellaAbstract. This contribution is a cross-dialectal analysis of possessive constructions. The dialects under studyinclude the Maghribin dialects and some of the dialects in the Arabian Gulf. The paper analyzes the formal aspectsinvolved in the construction of the notion of possession in individual dialects and its relation to Standard Arabic.The resulting strategies of possessive formation and structure will be exhibited and formalized in a vast array ofArabic dialects from a comparative perspective. It will be found that an important linguistic shift has been and stillis operating in the construction of possessive structure. This shift is due to many reasons. One of the mostimportant reasons is the contact with other languages or linguistic structures. In the case of Maghribin dialects, thepaper finds that the shift from ‘synthetic’ construction to a more ‘analytic’ construction is due to a recognizedBerber substratum. On the other hand, and in the case of the Arabian Gulf regional dialects and Classical Arabic,several linguistic forces are in play in the formation of a more dynamic type of possessive structure.مقالة وصول حر Reading for Detail, Vocabulary Acquisition, and Making Inferences as Vital Variables in Inspecting EFL Undergraduates Reading Comprehension(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 15/5/1430) Hussein A. HabtoorAbstract. This article inspects the importance of vocabulary acquisition, inference capacity, and reading for detailas sub-skills in reading comprehension for EFL learners. Reading is seen as an activity with an ultimate goal, viz.comprehension, which is the core of the process. Reading without comprehension is, absolutely, an ineffectualactivity. Yet, the extent of understanding depends upon many factors, such as, the nature of the reading task, theclarity of the expression, the reader’s purpose, interest, and his background and past experience. Comprehensiontakes place on three levels: literal meaning or construction of meaning, interpretation of meaning, and evaluationof meaning. These processes are emblematically known as ‘reading on the lines’, ‘reading between the lines’, and‘reading beyond the lines’. A group of 23 undergraduates of first year has been sampled in the Department ofEnglish, College of Education at Shabwa, University of Aden to carry out this study and a battery of threecomprehension tests and three cloze tests designed of the same texts were administered. All these tests are set toinspect the readability and comprehensibility of the EFL learners and to check their problems in vocabulary,inference and reading for detail. Results, anyway, have shown that subjects are confronted with problems inreading comprehension ability along with inadequate vocabulary acquisition, reading speed, and the lack ofinsufficient abilities of making inferences in reading process.مقالة وصول حر Systemic Functional Linguistics as a Strategy to Assess the Academic Writing of Students at Walter Sisulu University(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 22/12/1429) Baba P. TshotshoAbstract. This paper reports on the study undertaken at Walter Sisulu University (WSU) in South Africa between2003 and 2007. It explores students’ academic writing which affects their academic performance. The main focusis on the written texts of 20 students who most of them come from rural background. Their texts were analyzedusing systemic functional linguistics (SFL) as an analytical tool. This paper demonstrates that there is a need toimprove students’ academic writing in order to improve their academic performance.مقالة وصول حر The Effect of Social Factors on Sound Change in Najdi Arabic: The Case of [d͡z] in the Qaṣīmī Dialect(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 23/6/1430) Yousef Al-RojaieAbstract. The present study examines the pattern of dialectical variation in the use of the two variants of OldArabic qāf /q/—the affricated nonstandard [d͡z], and the regional standard [g]— in the natural spontaneous speechof speakers of the Qaṣīmī dialect, a variety of Najdi Arabic. The findings indicate that a change in progress isoccurring in the Qaṣīmī dialect, with younger speakers showing an incremental increase in the use of the standardregional variant [g] instead of the nonstandard variant [d͡z] and older and middle-aged speakers—especiallymales—tending to be conservative by retaining the standard regional variant. Moreover, this change correlatessignificantly with gender in that women use the standard variant [g] more frequently than men. To explain thischangeshift, the socioeconomic changes that Saudi Arabia has undergone in the last 50 years—particularly theprocesses of urbanization and modernization—were examined as factors prompting and accelerating changes inthe linguistic patterns of speakers of the Qaṣīmī dialect. In particular, the regional standard variant [g] has becomemore associated with urbanity and modernity.مقالة وصول حر The Impact of RTM on EFL Students’ Reading Comprehension(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 15/4/1434) Majed AlharbiAbstract. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of using the Reciprocal Teaching Model (RTM) on EFL Saudi students in the Preparatory Year at Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMISU) during the academic year 2011-2012. 186 participants took part in this study and were divided into two groups, an experimental group that was exposed to RTM and a control group taught using traditional methods. Pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed to assess the effects of using RTM on the development of the students’ reading comprehension skills. The results indicated that the experimental group with which the RTM system was used had significantly better reading comprehension post-test scores than the control group. The use of the traditional method appeared to have no effect on the development of reading comprehension in the control group, as the results revealed no significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test scores for this group. Comparisons of scores for male and female students indicated that RTM had a positive effect for both groups of students. Male students’ scores were higher than the scores attained by the female students but the difference was due to lower initial performance as indicated by pre-test scores rather than a gender difference in the effects of the RTM.مقالة وصول حر The Importance of the Role of Literature in the EFL Teaching Context(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 22/4/1431) Abdullah Al Dera; Muhammad Emdadul HuqAbstract. Since the early 17th century literature has been the important approach in English Language Teaching(ELT). It has been successfully the essential technique of ELT all over the British Empire. The study of Englishliterature has resulted in the creation of fluent English-speaking generations of the British colonies, which helpedgreatly in bridging the gap between the colonizers and the original inhabitants of such territories. As a result, wemay say that English has been significantly and effectively playing an indispensable role in ELT. Although severalapproaches in foreign language teaching have come up, literature is still vitally significant in ELT through literarytexts that foster learners’ motivation (Mackay, 1982). We believe that all approaches remain inadequate if the roleof literature in modern language teaching is exempted. In this paper, we try to focus on the effective ways offostering the role of literature in ELT in general and in Saudi Arabia in particular.مقالة وصول حر ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ РУССКОГО УДАРЕНИЯ(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 1/1/1435) Королевство Саудовская Аравия; Университет им. Короля Сауда; Факультет языков и перевода; Кафедра современных языков и перевода ; Проф.Шарустам ШамусаровРезюме:Исследование посвящено одному из основных разделов русской фонетики – ударению. Исходя из многолетнего опыта обучения русскому языку иностранцев, автор раскрывает особенности русского ударения, делает обобщения и выводы по данной теме, даёт методические советы изучения русского ударения и преодоления трудностей иностранными, особенно арабскими студентами. Все эти теоретические и практические советы и рекомендации подкрепляются многочисленными примерами из современной русской речи.Помимо лексического ударения, которому посвящена основная часть статьи, в конце исследования приводятся сведения и о фразовых(или лексических) ударениях в русском языке.Автор статьи выражает свою высокую благодарность Исследовательскому Центру языков и перевода при деканате научных исследований Университета им. Короля Сауда за оказанную им материальную и научную поддeржку в исполнении данной работы.مقالة وصول حر اتجاهات طلاب الثانوية السعوديين نحو اللغة الإنجليزية: دراسة استكشافية(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 01/01/2008) محمد سعيد العلم الزهرانيهدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة اتجاهات طلاب الثانوية السعوديين بمدينة الرياض نحو اللغة الإنجليزية. جمعت بيانات الدراسة من خلال استبانة مكونة من 25 فقرة، وزعت على 320 طالبًا تم اختيارهم عشوائيًّا من خمس مدارس ثانوية بمدينة الرياض.
بينت نتائج الدراسة أن اتجاهات الغالبية العظمى من الطلاب المشاركين في الدراسة كانت إيجابية نحو اللغة الإنجليزية، كما كشفت الدراسة أن اتجاهات نسبة قليلة من الطلاب كانت سلبية، الأمر الذي يمكن عزوه إلى بعض طرق التدريس التقليدية المستخدمة في تدريس مادة اللغة الإنجليزية. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة، تمت مناقشة بعض الجوانب المتعلقة بطريقة التدريس ودورها في تعليم اللغة الإنجليزية داخل الفصل الدراسي.مقالة وصول حر أثر اختبار الكفاية اللغوية الأساسي على تعلم وتعليم اللغة الإنجليزية: حالة خاصة(دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر, 01/01/2007) غرم الله عبدالله الغامديينبغي أن تعكس الاختبارات أولويات المناهج، وعندما لايكون الأمر كذلك فإن أهمية الاختبار ستطغى دائما على أهمية المنهج وفقا لرؤية المتعلمين. وهذا الأمر عادة ما يكون صحيحا على وجه الخصوص إذا ما كان لنتيجة الاختبار أهمية في تحديد مسار الطالب. ونتيجة لاختلاف المنهج والاختبار فإن المحصلة ستكون ذات أثر راجع سلبي على العملية التعليمية. يخلص هذا البحث إلى كيف أن تصميم واستخدام اختبار جديد نتج عنه تغييرات إيجابية للعملية التعليمية فيما يخص طرائق التدريس واستراتيجيات التعلم. تم استقصاء اتجاهات الطلاب حول الاختبار الجديد وكذلك تم ايضا استقصاء آراء المعلمين ذوي الدراية بالاختبارين القديم والجديد عن طبيعة ومدى إرجاع التغيرات الإيجابية لاستخدام الاختبار الجديد.